Castel di Pugna - Since the Middle Ages, the valley between the river Arbia and the city of Siena has been characterized by a high demographic concentration as attested by numerous religious settlements and thirteenth century fortifications. Among them was the stately castle with four towers visible from the Valdipugna Castle. The fortifications were part of a network of castles scattered throughout the high grounds of the Arbia Valley, the Orcia Valley and the Chiana Valley which had the purpose of defending the Sienese border near the countryside of Florence and of Arezzo.